Themen der Lehrveranstaltung
- Module 1: Hydraulics of open channel flows and transport processes in streams and rivers 1. Introduction Review of basic hydraulic concepts: mass and momentum conservation (integral formulation), steady uniform flow in pipes, Bernoulli theorem. Fundamental equations for open-channel flows: main concepts and assumptions in the derivation of the one-dimensional (cross section average) continuity and momentum equations (Saint Venant equations). Hierarchy of hydraulic models (from 3D local, instantaneous to 1D) 2. One-dimensional open channel flows Flow resistance in turbulent flows; uniform flow model; channel design problem; stage-discharge curves in natural cross-sections. Steady-state water surface profiles gradually varied flows: subcritical and supercritical flows; boundary conditions, locations and type. Specific energy; hydraulic jump. Gradually varied flows: effect of variable geometry and variable discharge. Unsteady flows: flood waves, celerity of propagation, simplified models (kynematic model, parabolic model). Hysteresis in the stage-discharge rating curve. Hydropeaking waves. Numerical models for the simulation of open channel flows (HECRAS software). 3. Fluvial hydraulics and eco-hydraulics Basic concepts of river hydro-morphology. Sediment transport (bed load and suspended load); erosion and deposition processes. Implications for river morphological evolution. Environmental effects of hydropower production on river systems. The national and international regulatory framework. Methods to calculate ecological flows. Hydrological methods and hydraulichabitat methods. Hydropeaking and related effects. - Module 2: Hydrological modeling for hydropower systems and analysis of the elements of HPP II-1 Introduction (4 hours). Principles of functioning of a Hydro power plant; classification and main components of a HPP. Pumped-storage HPPs. Hydrological curves, duration curves and their use for a reservoir or a RoR HPP design. II-2 Basics of hydrology and hydrological modelling (8 hours) The main components of the hydrological cycle; the water balance (continuity equation); precipitation; floods and droughts; the return time. The uses of water resources. Acquisition of hydrometeorological data. The main processes of the hydrological modules that constitute an hydrological model. Models for evapotranspiration, plant interception and infiltration, snow-glacial dissolution, infiltration. Full models: the kinematic model. Continuous hydrological models. Construction criteria of a hydrological model at the basin scale. Calibration and validation of models. II-3. Flow measurement (4 hours) Weirs, the method of area-velocity, the dilution method, measurement errors, and its influence on the flow rate scales. II-4. Plant design (34 hours) Hydroelectric plants with reservoir and run of the river plants (RoR), operations management for hydroelectric plants. Analysis of the functional elements constituting a hydroelectric plant: barrages and intakes (dams, sedimentation channels); headraces, channels and adduction tunnels; surge tanks; penstocks; turbines; alternators; regulators; tailrace. Classroom exercises: filtration under dams and dikes; Global stability of dams and dikes; siphoning; drainage of excavations. One exercise among: analysis of water hammer in a pressure pipe, mass oscillation analysis in a surge tank, Reservoir volume and production design

Unterrichtsform
The theory is presented by means of lectures in class. Examples of exercises supporting the theoretical aspects are proposed by the lecturers during teaching hours. Further analyses, which include the solution of various types of exercises and problems, are left to the autonomous study of the students. Teaching Format Observation of key open channel flow processes in the hydraulic laboratory is used to increase concept understanding. A one-day field visit to hydropower plants is usually organized within the course.

Bildungsziele
Module 1, 2: the course aims at providing basic notions to understand the behavior of hydraulic infrastructures used for hydroelectric energy production, the dynamics of transport processes in rivers, streams and open-channel flows, and to compute mass balances of available water resources.

Art der Prüfung
Common part: Students have to prepare three short reports ( one for Module 1 and 2 for Module 2) that will discuss during oral examination. The three group assignments focus on hydraulic problems and on the hydraulics of selected components of a hydropower plant. This part assesses the student’s ability to apply the course topics in a practical context, their understanding of theoretical concepts, and their ability to formulate judgments. The all exam is passed only if each Modules and/or part of module (written exercise; each oral question; assignments) achieves a passing grade. Module 1: The exam consists of: (1) a written exercise on open channel flow; (2) two or three oral questions. The written exercise lasts one hour. Students are allowed to bring a formula sheet of a maximum of two pages prepared individually, as well as dimensionless charts. The oral questions are intended to assess knowledge and understanding of the course topics and the ability to transfer these competencies to case studies of hydropower plants. The exam is passed only if each part (written exercise; each oral question; assignments) achieves a passing grade. The final grade results from an overall integration of the assessments of each part. Module 2: The exam consists of: (1) three or four oral questions. The oral questions are intended to assess knowledge and understanding of the course topics and the ability to transfer these competencies to case studies of hydropower plants. The exam is passed only if each part (each oral question; assignments) achieves a passing grade. The final grade results from an overall integration of the assessments of each part. - Formative assessment: In class exercises: 15x60 minutes. - Summative assessment: 70% oral exam: 2 or 3 open-end questions (45 min); ILOs assessed: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; 30% exercises presentation: Presentation and discussion (15-25 min); ILOs assessed: 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

Bewertungskriterien
The exam comprises two elements: a final oral discussion on the topics dealt with during the course (70%), and an individual presentation and discussion of the homework (30%). The discussion of both elements is contextual and occurs during the oral exam. The homework is developed by groups of maximum 3 students. Each group will write a written report presenting the work done in a clear and concise way. The report has to be sent to the instructors in pdf format by e-mail, at least one week before the date of the exam. Each student is responsible of the whole homework.

Pflichtliteratur

The student can select any book dealing with the topics of the course. Suggested references:

- S. L. Dingman, Physical Hydrology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1994 - F. M. Henderson, Open Channel Flow, MacMillan Series in Civil Engineering, 1966.

- H. Chanson, The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction, Arnold, 1999.

- A._J_Peterka, Hydraulic_design_of_stilling_basins

- Pavel_Novak, Hydraulic_structures

Weitere Informationen
Connections with other courses: A strict connection with the course of Fluid Machines Engineering and Electrical System Engineering, for the understanding and design of water turbines, electrical energy production and transport. The course is preparatory to the course Hydro Power System, in which Run of the River Hydro power Plants will be in deep analyzed. Professional applications of the covered topics: The topics studied will allow the student to find employment in companies, public and private bodies and professional firms for the design, planning, construction and management of works and plants for hydroelectric production, for the management of environmental and energy resources.