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Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Mathematics for Economists TSE

Semester 1-2 · 30162 · Bachelor in Tourism, Sport and Event Management · 12CP · EN


The course gives an introduction to Mathematics necessary to understand quantitative models in Economics and Management and is designed to acquire skills for the solution of basic mathematical tasks as well as for modeling economic/managerial systems. The students will be provided with the basic mathematical concepts and procedures to follow modern courses in economics, business administration and data analytics.

The first module is the first part of an introductory course which covers basics in mathematical language (sets, relations, functions) as well as one-variable calculus. Solution procedures for several standard problems (differentiation, integration, approximation) will be introduced. The course is aimed at generating familiarity with and proficiency in applying these solution procedures.

The second module gives an introduction to linear algebra as well as multivariable calculus and optimization. Solution procedures for several standard problems (systems of linear equations, gradients of multi-variable functions, solutions of (constrained) multi-variable optimization problems, probabilities for events) will be introduced. The course is aimed at generating familiarity with and proficiency in applying these solution procedures.

Lecturers: Andreas Heinrich Hamel, Benjamin Weißing

Teaching Hours: 72 (36 M1 + 36 M2)
Lab Hours: 72 EXE
Mandatory Attendance: -

Course Topics
The course Mathematics for Economics M1 provides knowledge about the following topics: • Sets, relations, functions and their (economic) applications • Numbers, sequences, series and real functions • Derivatives, rules for differentiation and (economic) applications • Taylor polynomials, Newton's method and basic optimization techniques • Economic applications of derivatives, e.g., market equilibrium, elasticities, profit maximization The course Mathematics for Economics M2 provides knowledge about the following topics: • Integrals, rules for integration and applications to consumer/producer surplus • Matrices, matrix calculus and systems of linear equations • Functions of several variables and their differentiation • Optimization techniques with applications to regression analysis • Optimization with constraints, budget constraints and demand functions • Basics in probability theory

Teaching format
Frontal lectures and exercises.

Educational objectives
Knowledge and understanding basic mathematical concepts (sets and operations on sets, relations and their properties, general functions, numbers and elementary equations/inequalities) of functions of a real variable: basic properties, derivatives and their calculation including first-order partial derivatives of optimisation problems for one variable: concepts and optimality conditions, convexity, algorithmic approach. of integrals for functions of one variable: indefinite integrals, definite integrals and areas, integral calculus. of mathematical terminology in English. of basic concepts of linear algebra: matrices and matrix calculus, vectors and their geometric applications, systems of linear equations. of functions with several variables: partial derivatives and gradient, convexity. of optimisation problems for several variables: concepts and optimality conditions, for unconstrained and constrained cases, Lagrange's method. of descriptive statistics and how to summarise data: variables, frequency distributions, measures of central tendency and variability. of the concept of uncertainty and the basic elements of probability theory. of the basic concepts of sample theory. of the basic concepts of inferential statistics: point estimate; confidence interval; hypothesis testing; linear regression. of the relationships between variables and basic concepts in hypothesis testing. of statistical terminology of the software available for data analysis in the social sciences. of the basics of linear programming in economics and management. of the basics of the concepts of uncertainty, ambiguity and robustness in the context of data analysis. of the basics of order theory specifically partial and total (linear) order relations. of the implications of non-total order relationships on decision-making models of Excel's 'best practices' and main functions for collecting, processing and visualising data of the mechanisms for creating and using big data, and the implications in the business environment. of the monetary value of personal and corporate data. of the fundamental methods and algorithms for data analysis, as well as machine learning methods. of the concept of data security from a legislative and technical point of view. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding basic concepts useful for taking courses in economics, business and administration economic problems with several variables in a formalised manner; ability to identify (optimal) solutions and to interpret the results on the basis of existing theories. Calculate differentials and integrals of real functions. Ability to solve optimisation problems with one variable. define economic problems in a formalised way; to find (optimal) solutions and interpret results on the basis of existing theories. use mathematical tools for the analysis of static and dynamic models. mathematical problems and models and ideas for solving them. use mathematical tools for the analysis of static and dynamic models with several variables. using matrices to represent data and handling them for transformations and calculations. statistical methods as research tools useful in the social sciences. descriptive and inferential statistics to synthesise information, to analyse and interpret relationships between variables and for hypothesis testing. at least one statistical application to develop a simple data analysis. the use of algorithms/applications to find solutions to linear programmes and their dual problems. solving zero-sum games via linear programming solving linear programmes for business management problems: cost and revenue optimisation, logistics design and optimisation, warehouse flow planning, etc. using mathematical methods to model risks (uncertainties) and to solve expected utility maximisation problems. distinguishing between decision situations with complete and non-complete preferences and then using the appropriate model. use of Excel for data collection, processing and visualisation. use of web services for online data analysis. understanding the basic principles of modern data analysis concepts, e.g. machine learning. dealing with data security issues in business realities. Autonomy of judgement identify the most relevant variables to be used when making decisions in complex situations; find the necessary additional information in databases, regulatory sources and scientific bibliography; adopt logical arguments and relate information and analytical tools to find solutions. Communication skills Achievement of this objective will be assessed by means of written examinations, individual and group assignments and the final dissertation. Learning skills ability to find the information required to keep abreast of changes in the service sector in general and in the tourism, sports and events sector in particular ability to find and make use of information from databases, research studies, laws, regulations and standards that are applied in professional life; ability to analyse, critically evaluate and integrate data, information and experience; ability to develop possible solutions for economic and management problems in the operational contexts of reference to the graduates' occupational outlets.

Additional educational objectives and learning outcomes
M1 Knowledge and understanding of - basic mathematical concepts: sets and set operations, relations and their properties, general functions, numbers and elementary equations/inequalities. - functions one real variable: basic properties, derivatives and their calculus including 1st & 2nd order derivatives. - single-variable optimization problems: optimality notions and conditions, convexity, algorithmic approach. - integrals for single-variable functions: indefinite integrals, definite integrals and area, integral calculus. M2 Knowledge and understanding of - basic concepts in linear algebra: matrices and matrix calculus, vectors and their geometrical applications, systems of linear equations. - functions of several variables: partial derivatives and gradients, Hesse matrix, convexity. - optimization problems for several variables: optimality concepts and conditions for the unconstrained as well as the constrained case, Lagrangian method. M1/M2 Applying knowledge and understanding to - follow modern courses in economics, business and administration, - establish and analyze mathematical problems and models in Economics and Management, - define economic problems in a formalized mathematical approach; to find (optimal) solutions and to interpret results, being informed by existing theories. - differentiate and integrate single- and multivariable functions, ability to solve single- and multivariable optimization problems. - use matrices for data representation and how to manage them for transformations and calculus. M1/M2 Making judgements - to make informed decisions about the relevance of sets vs. relations vs. functions in economic models. - to interpret results obtained for single-variable mathematical models for economic systems. - to interpret results obtained for linear mathematical models for economic systems involving matrix structures. - to interpret results obtained for multli-variable mathematical models for economic systems. M1/M2 Communications skills - to master the mathematical vocabulary and formalism in English. - to communicate ideas, problems and solutions for mathematical models involving single-variable real functions. - to understand matrix formalism and ability to communicate ideas, problems and solutions for linear models. - to understand multi-variable economic models and the ability to communicate ideas, problems and solutions for such models. M1/M2 Learning skills for - the study of basic mathematical structures in an economic environment. - for the solution of basic mathematical problems related to economical models. - the study of more complex linear and nonlinear mathematical structures in an economic environment. - the solution of more advanced mathematical problems related to economical models.

Assessment
Written exam of maximal 120min at the end of each module; take home assignments in each module. There is no different assessment method for attending and non-attending students; the assignments will be posted and their solutions can be submitted online.

Evaluation criteria
Three assignments throughout each module (count 30% toward the final grade) and a final exam (counts 70% toward the final grade). Enrolled students who do not attend the classes still have to hand in the solutions of the assignments and attend the final exam. Results of assignments are only valid for the academic cycle in which these activities have taken place and results of these activities cannot be carried over beyond that time frame.

Required readings

Lecture slides made available on OLE.



Supplementary readings

Will be announced in classes.




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Sustainable Development Goals
This teaching activity contributes to the achievement of the following Sustainable Development Goals.

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Modules

Semester 1 · 30162A · Bachelor in Tourism, Sport and Event Management · 6CP · EN

Module A — M-1 Mathematics for Economists TSE

The course Mathematics for Economics M1 provides knowledge about the following topics:

• Sets, relations, functions and their (economic) applications
• Numbers, sequences, series and real functions
• Derivatives, rules for differentiation and (economic) applications
• Taylor polynomials, Newton's method and basic optimization techniques
• Economic applications of derivatives, e.g., market equilibrium, elasticities, profit maximization

Lecturers: Andreas Heinrich Hamel, Benjamin Weißing

Teaching Hours: 36
Lab Hours: 36 exercises

Course Topics
The course Mathematics for Economics M1 provides knowledge about the following topics: • Sets, relations, functions and their (economic) applications • Numbers, sequences, series and real functions • Derivatives, rules for differentiation and (economic) applications • Taylor polynomials, Newton's method and basic optimization techniques • Economic applications of derivatives, e.g., market equilibrium, elasticities, profit maximization

Teaching format
Frontal lectures and exercises.

Required readings

Lectures slides available on OLE.



Supplementary readings

Will be announced in class.



Semester 2 · 30162B · Bachelor in Tourism, Sport and Event Management · 6CP · EN

Module B — M-2 Mathematics for Economists TSE

The course Mathematics for Economics M2 provides knowledge about the following topics:
• Integrals, rules for integration and applications to consumer/producer surplus
• Matrices, matrix calculus and systems of linear equations
• Functions of several variables and their differentiation
• Optimization techniques with applications to regression analysis
• Optimization with constraints, budget constraints and demand functions
• Basics in probability theory

Lecturers: Andreas Heinrich Hamel

Teaching Hours: 36
Lab Hours: 36 (lecturer to be defined)

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